What It Is
The function of the thyroid gland is to produce hormones that regulate the body's metabolism.  Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, which regulates the way the body uses energy. A lack of thyroid hormone affects many body systems.

When the thyroid produces too much of these hormones, the metabolism is too fast and causes problems in many areas of the body.  This is hyperthyroidism.  When the thyroid gland's production of hormones is less than normal, the body's metabolism slows down and can cause reduced functionality of all systems in the body.  This is hypothyroidism. 

Who It Effects
Hypothyroidism is much more common (about 10 to 1) than hyperthyroidism.  Both conditions have a strong genetic link.  If someone in your family had "thyroid problems" your chances of having thyroid disease is increased.  Women are about six times more likely to be hypothyroid than men.  Hypothyroidism becomes more prevalent as we age.  Most patients are diagnosed after the age of 40, although hypothyroidism can present at any age.  It has been estimated in a recent study that as many as 13 million Americans may have thyroid disease and not be aware of it.  Another study has estimated that over 15% of women over 65 years of age are hypothyroid.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Enlarged thyroid gland
Weight gain
Cold intolerance
Depression
Sluggishness, sleepiness
Slower reflexes
Brittle fingernails
Menstrual irregularities (heavier)
Muscular aches and cramps
Poor memory
Inability to concentrate

Treatment
Hypothyroidism is usually treated with a daily supplement of the hormone(s) that the thyroid is failing to produce in adequate amounts.  Periodic doctor visits are required to maintain the dose at the correct level, as all patients are different.

Most patients diagnosed with Hypothyroidism are able to live healthy normal lives after beginning their daily regiment of thyroid therapy as prescribed by their physician.